![]() ![]() Nutritional assessments, including the status of breastfeeding within 4 months of age and the additional complementary feeding status were acquired from the first round of the NHSPIC questionnaire (4 to 6 months of age) given to children’s parents. The children’s demographic variables included age, sex, income quintile (by insurance premium), and residence at birth. Propensity score (PS) matching was performed using the 97 covariates shown in Supplementary Table 2 in order to create a balance between the control group and the colic group. To apply stricter diagnostic criteria for the IBS sub-types, the strict IBS-D was defined as using least 1 prescription of drug classification 237 (antidiarrheal drug) as well as the IBS-D definition, and the strict IBS-C was defined as using at least 1 prescription of drug classification 238 (laxative drug) as well as IBS-C definition, which showed PPV 76% (95% CI, 67-85%) in a previous study. Constipation-predominant IBS (IBS-C) was defined as having at least 1 diagnosis of ICD-10 code K58.X (IBS) and R10.X (abdominal pain) and at least 1 of ICD-10 code K59.0 (constipation) after the age of 4 years. ![]() Diarrhea-predominant IBS (IBS-D) was defined as having at least 1 diagnosis of ICD-10 code K58.X (IBS) and R10.X (abdominal pain) and at least 1 of the ICD-10 codes K59.1 (functional diarrhea) after the age of 4 years. 17 In addition, we defined the IBS sub-type by further considering the symptomatic diagnostic ICD-10 codes. A previous study showed that this definition had a PPV of 83% (95% CI, 75-91%). The stricter IBS was defined as at least 1 diagnosis of ICD-10 code K58.X (IBS) and R10.X (abdominal pain) and at least 1 of ICD-10 code K59.1 (functional diarrhea), K52.2 (allergic and dietetic gastroenteritis and colitis), K52.8 (other specific noninfective gastroenteritis), or K59.0 (constipation) after the age of 4 years. To assess the robustness of the results, we analyzed the association of IBS with infantile colic using the different definitions of IBS. IBS was defined as a diagnosis of ICD-10 codes K58.X (IBS), more than twice, after 4 years of age. ![]() The outcome was the risk of IBS after 48 months of age. Therefore, our purpose is to evaluate the association of infantile colic diagnosis at 5 weeks to 4 months of age with the onset of IBS after 4 years of age, using an analysis of an administrative nationwide cohort database in South Korea.Īll outcomes were pre-specified. 11 Some points of pathogenesis show an association between infantile colic and IBS.įew previous studies have reported an association between infantile colic and the subsequent development of IBS, 12, 13 but there is a paucity of large cohort studies reporting the association between infantile colic in infants and IBS. Gut dysbiosis is thought to be the most convincing factor, as some factors may be derived directly from the gut dysbiosis. 7 Various central and peripheral mechanisms have been described in the pathophysiology of IBS, including the dysregulation of the brain-gut axis, 8 altered gastrointestinal motility, visceral hypersensitivity, 9 alterations in the intestinal microbiota, 10 low-grade immune activation, and intestinal inflammation, 7 which may be associated with increased intestinal permeability to induce exposure to antigens. The pathophysiology of IBS is not understood completely. 5 A characteristic of IBS is abdominal pain or discomfort with changes in bowel habits, including the frequency of defecation and stool consistency, in the absence of an organic disease. 4 A multinational group of experts at the Rome IV Conference in December 2014 established the most recent definition of IBS. IBS is a common and chronic functional gastrointestinal disorder (FGID) at childhood that affects the quality of life, with a prevalence of 2% to 24% worldwide. 3 Therefore, infantile colic may be considered as a potential early manifestation of later onset disorders including the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). However, it has been recently reported that infantile colic is associated with a low grade systemic inflammation caused by a pathogenic microbiota composition. 2 Although the pathogenesis of infantile colic is not well understood, it has been generally viewed as a temporary disorder with a benign prognosis. 1 Its most prominent feature is excessive crying, which peaks at 6 weeks and disappears at approximately 4 to 5 months of age. Infantile colic is a common disease in the infant period, affecting between 4% and 28% of all infants. ![]()
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |